Chapter 1: The Intelligence of Crows and Ravens

When you spot a crow or raven, you might associate them with ominous symbols or death. However, these birds are far more complex and intelligent than such beliefs suggest. Numerous fascinating studies have highlighted their remarkable cognitive abilities.

Section 1.1: Problem-Solving Abilities and Tool Use

Traditionally, scientists thought only primates and a handful of other species, like dolphins, possessed tool-making skills. However, research led by Dr. John Marzluff at the University of Washington reveals that crows are incredibly adept at solving problems. In one experiment, researchers placed food in a small basket located inside a tube. Initially, a crow attempted to retrieve the food using a straight piece of wire, which proved ineffective. After several attempts, the crow ingeniously bent the wire into a hook, successfully extracting the basket.

Moreover, crows can combine short sticks to create a longer tool when given inadequate resources. They can even remember which tool to use after a short delay and can tackle complex problems that require multiple steps to achieve a reward. Their sharp visual memory allows them to recognize familiar objects, such as a specific stone hidden among others.

In an impressive display of intelligence, Japanese crows have learned to crack nuts by dropping them from heights. When this method proved inconsistent, they began leaving the nuts on the road for cars to crush. To avoid danger, they adapted their technique by using pedestrian crossings, waiting for the traffic light to turn green before collecting their treats.

Section 1.2: The Art of Delayed Gratification

One of the most astonishing aspects of crow intelligence is their capacity for delayed gratification. This concept was famously demonstrated in a Stanford experiment where 4-year-olds were offered a choice between one marshmallow immediately or two marshmallows after a 15-minute wait. The ability to wait correlates with future academic success and better social skills.

Similarly, crows can choose between an immediate reward of an apple or the right tool that will yield a more desirable treat later on. Remarkably, the majority of crows opt for the tool instead of the instant gratification, raising questions about their maturity compared to humans.

Chapter 2: Social Intelligence and Memory

In the first video, "Are Crows Smarter Than Your Seven-Year-Old?", we explore the cognitive abilities of these birds and compare them to young children, revealing their impressive problem-solving skills.

The second video, "Crows are Smart! Even Smarter than your Kid! Bird Intelligence Explained!", delves deeper into the fascinating world of crow intelligence, showcasing their unique behaviors.

Section 2.1: Memory and Recognition

Dr. Marzluff's studies illustrate that crows have remarkable memories. He and his team wore a distinctive caveman mask while capturing and releasing crows. The crows responded aggressively to the mask, indicating their ability to recognize threats. Astonishingly, even after eight years, crows remembered the mask and scolded researchers wearing it. They not only recognize human faces but also associate them with specific actions. In one case, a kind woman was visited by magpies that learned to ring her doorbell for food, while her husband, who disliked the birds, found them consistently targeting his car for droppings.

Section 2.2: Numerical Skills

Crows also exhibit basic math skills, capable of counting and subtracting up to seven. A farmer discovered that crows would not approach his crops if they knew there were still people in the barn. The birds demonstrated an understanding of simple arithmetic, as they only acted when they perceived no remaining humans.

Section 2.3: Mourning and Playfulness

Crows display mourning behavior, as shown in experiments where they reacted strongly to the presence of a dead crow. This response is absent in pigeons, indicating a unique social structure among crows.

Interestingly, crows also engage in play, a trait typically associated with higher intelligence. Observations reveal that they enjoy trying new things and interacting with other species, including playful encounters with wolves.

In conclusion, the next time you encounter a crow or raven, resist the urge to view them as harbingers of bad luck. Instead, take a moment to appreciate these remarkable creatures, whose intelligence may surpass that of a seven-year-old human!